Proves that real circulant Hadamard matrices exist exactly in orders 1 and 4, resolving the circulant Hadamard conjecture. Together with classical Barker-sequence results, this shows that binary sequences whose nontrivial aperiodic autocorrelations have magnitude at most 1 exist at lengths n > 1 exactly when n\in\{2,3,4,5,7,11,13\}. (Lean)
Manuscript
The circulant Hadamard conjecture
September 23, 2026 · source · Lean formalization available · cite as \cite{OAI:The-circulant-Hadamard-conjecture-September-23-2026}
We prove the circulant Hadamard conjecture: a real circulant Hadamard matrix has order 1 or 4. As a consequence, Barker sequences of length greater than one exist exactly at lengths 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11, 13, proving the Barker-sequence conjecture.
Result 179 · Combinatorics. Imported from openai/math, a collection of manuscripts produced by an OpenAI model; results are at different stages of verification. Discussion below is by Lemma members.
Source: https://github.com/openai/math/blob/main/CONTENTS.md